Colina Group (Peru)

Country: Peru
Details of Formation: Sources state that the National Intelligence Service created the group. There were allegations that President Fujimori authorised the group.
Details of Termination: The group was terminated with the imprisonment of the 'material authors' - army major and 10 others - of the 2 massacres. However, they (along with over 6,000 other guerillas) were released a year later by an amnesty put in place by Fujimori.
Purpose: The group was formed with the objective to combat supporters and members of the Shining Path.
Organisation: The group appears to be centred around President Fujimori and his close circle, and tied to the army and National Intelligence Service. It was allegedly led by Vladimiro Montesinos, the National Intelligence Service chief. Other news sources report Captain Santiago Martín Rivas as leader of the PGM.
Weapons and Training: Court rulings concluded that the government provided the group with weapons and training.
Size: --
Reason for Membership: --
Treatment of Civilians: The PGM was responsible for a broad range of human rights abuses, such as killings, torture, and disappearances. It was responsible for three massacres, one in 1991 (the Barrios Altos killing, 15 people attending a party in Lima, including women and children). The other two took place in 1992: Six peasants were kidnapped and killed in the Pativilca massacre; 9 students and a professor were killed at Enrique Valle y Guzman University (La Cantuta killing). Reports later stated that the government was aware of and tolerated this behaviour.
Other Information: Fujimori was put on trial in 2007 for complicity with this group's actions and in 2009 sentenced to 25 years in prison for the massacres of civilians. In December 2017, he was pardoned by president Kuczynski. The pardon was later overturned by the subsequent president Vizcarra.
References: Information was taken from news sources listed in the PGMD.